For this process to be sucessful, the bit must rotate at a speed that is sufficient to create temperatures comparable to 70% to 90% of the material's melting temperature. This temperature increase is sufficient to cause significant amounts of plastic deformation in the two pieces of metal, which causes them to blend into one another. Figure 1 below shows what ahappens during the process.
Figure 1: Schematic Drawing of Friction Stir Welding